 ROBERT PEARY
Arctic Explorer
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ROBERT PEARY
Arctic Explorer
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Robert Peary, even while he was still a boy, began preparing himself for the long expeditions * he would make later in life. When he was young, he would make 25-mile hikes every week.
In 1898 he made his first attempt to reach the North Pole. He endured weeks of darkness and temperatures that plunged to minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit * .
He had prepared himself well for polar exploration by studying the Inuit people who were native to the land. From them he learned how to build igloos, drive a dog sled, and make warm clothing out of animal skins.
On the first expedition eight of his toes froze and had to be removed. Later he would have the remaining two toes amputated * because it was easier for him to walk with no toes than with only two toes.
On his second expedition both his legs were broken in a ship accident, but still he pushed on. He directed the construction of a base camp from his bed.
When he was 25 years old he joined the Navy, and after his eighth expedition he was promoted to the rank of Admiral * . Sometimes he had trouble getting time off from his Naval duties to go on the expeditions.
On his third trip to Greenland he discovered three of the world's largest meteorites * . One of them weighed 65 tons; 130,000 pounds. He was determined to bring it back and was finally successful in getting it to the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
Peary Expedition at the PolePhotograph by Robert Peary |
He gave lectures to raise money, and by 1908 he had raised enough to finance his eighth expedition.
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When he returned home, he learned that another man, Frederick Cook, claimed to have reached the pole a year earlier on April 21, 1908. Peary and his men tried to disprove Cook's claim. Some of Cook's documentation * proved to be false. Also they learned he had been accused of fraud in an oil deal and served seven years in prison. He was eventually pardoned, but his reputation was ruined.
There was also controversy concerning Matthew Henson, who also claimed that while he was in Peary's party, he was the first one to reach the Pole location.
Robert Peary died in 1920. He was 63 years old.
Peary had a son by an Inuit woman. This son later visited his father's family and his gravesite in Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
Robert Peary
PBS.org
The Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum
Robert E. Peary
Arlington National Cemetery
Peary gravesite.
Robert Peary
from Wikipedia
Peary Expedition Directory
Robert Edwin Peary, Arctic Explorer
from Enchanted Learning, site for kids
"The North Pole"
online book about his discovery by Robert Peary
"Famous Discoverers and Explorers of America"
online book by Charles Johnston, Robert Peary page 411
"Adventures of Uncle Sam's Sailors"
online book by Robert Peary
North Pole 1909
pearyhenson.org
You Wouldn't Want to be a Polar Explorer
based on Shackleton's Antarctic exploration
New York Times article
November 29, 1905
At biography.com search for Robert Peary.
Scroll the panel for the "Video & Audio Results".
Robert Peary, First to the Pole?
has links to Arctic maps
Polar Controversy
Ralph Plaisted
first expedition to indisputably reach the North Pole
Ralph Plaisted
at Wikipedia
Robert E. Peary and the Rush to the North Pole
By Facts On File
Articles originally published in "National Geographic" present the life and accomplishments of Robert E. Perry, focusing on his explorations of the North Pole.
Draw Write Now, Book 4: The Polar Regions, The Arctic, The Antarctic
By Marie Hablitzel / Barker Creek
Explore the world with, Draw Write Now, a collection of drawing and handwriting lessons developed by an elementary school teacher and tested by over 800 children. The contents include: Colorful easy to follow drawing lessons. Text for practicing handwriting. Theme related questions, answers and book lists. A child friendly format. And countless ideas to spark children's imagination and creativity! In Book Four, children explore The Polar Regions, The Artic and The Antartic. One of eight books in the Draw Write Now Series by authors, Marie Hablitzel and Kim Stitzer Barker Creek Publishing.
From Word Central's Student Dictionary
by Merriam - Webster
(Pronunciation note: the schwa sound is shown by ə)
expedition
Pronunciation: "ek-spə-'dish-ən
Function: noun
a : a journey or trip undertaken for a specific purpose (as war or exploring)
b : a group making such a journey
Fahrenheit
Pronunciation: 'far-ən-"hIt
Function: adjective
Etymology: named for Gabriel Fahrenheit 1686-1736 German physicist
: relating or conforming to or having a thermometer scale
on which under standard atmospheric pressure
the boiling point of water is at 212 degrees above the zero of the scale
and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above zero
abbreviation F
amputate
Pronunciation: 'am-pyə-"tAt
Function: verb
to cut off; especially : to cut off an arm or leg from the body
Admiral
Pronunciation: 'ad-mə-rəl, -mrəl
Function: noun
a naval commissioned officer with a rank above that of captain;
especially : an officer with a rank just above that of vice admiral
meteorite
Pronunciation: 'mEt-E-ə-"rIt
Function: noun
a meteor that reaches the surface of the earth
documentation
Pronunciation: "dahk-yə-mən-'tA-shən
Function: noun
the providing of documents as proof
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